Born as Maria Salomea Sklodowska on 7th November, 1867, in erstwhile Russia occupied Poland, Marie Curie moved to Paris and became a French citizen. [91] On 10 December, the New York Academy of Sciences celebrated the centenary of Marie Curie's second Nobel Prize in the presence of Princess Madeleine of Sweden.[92]. [14][30], She used an innovative technique to investigate samples. [14], To prove their discoveries beyond any doubt, the Curies sought to isolate polonium and radium in pure form. [107] She was featured on the Polish late-1980s 20,000-zoty banknote[122] as well as on the last French 500-franc note, before the franc was replaced by the euro. [25][83] Having received a small scholarship in 1893, she returned it in 1897 as soon as she began earning her keep. She returned to her laboratory only in December, after a break of about 14 months. [50][65] These distractions from her scientific labours, and the attendant publicity, caused her much discomfort but provided resources for her work. Curie herself coined the word "radioactivity" to describe the phenomena. Still, as an old man and a mathematics professor at the Warsaw Polytechnic, he would sit contemplatively before the statue of Maria Skodowska that had been erected in 1935 before the Radium Institute, which she had founded in 1932. Born Maria Sklodowska in Poland on November 7, 1867, to a father who taught math and physics, she developed a talent for science early. [15] Maria's father was an atheist, her mother a devout Catholic. [124] Marie Curie was a Polish-French scientist who won two Nobel prizes . In Britain, the Marie Curie charity was organized in 1948 to care for the terminally ill.[120] [17][75] A few months later, on 4 July 1934, she died aged 66 at the Sancellemoz sanatorium in Passy, Haute-Savoie, from aplastic anemia believed to have been contracted from her long-term exposure to radiation, causing damage to her bone marrow. [a] Marie Curie died in 1934, aged 66, at the Sancellemoz sanatorium in Passy (Haute-Savoie), France, of aplastic anemia likely from exposure to radiation in the course of her scientific research and in the course of her radiological work at field hospitals during World War I. She had succeeded in deducing how uranium rays increased conductivity in the air. All Rights Reserved. She was also the first person to have such an accomplishment. With her husband .css-47aoac{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:#A00000;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-47aoac:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}Pierre Curie, Marie's efforts led to the discovery of polonium and radium and, after Pierre's death, the further development of X-rays. She was the first person to win or share two Nobel Prizes, and remains alone with Linus Pauling as Nobel laureates in two fields each. She provided the radium from her own one-gram supply. [48][49] She was the first woman to become a professor at the University of Paris. Elected instead was douard Branly, an inventor who had helped Guglielmo Marconi develop the wireless telegraph. [62] After the war, she summarized her wartime experiences in a book, Radiology in War (1919). She was the first woman to win any kind of Nobel Prize. Poland had been partitioned in the 18th century among Russia, Prussia, and Austria, and it was Maria Skodowska Curie's hope that naming the element after her native country would bring world attention to Poland's lack of independence as a sovereign state. [54] When the scandal broke, she was away at a conference in Belgium; on her return, she found an angry mob in front of her house and had to seek refuge, with her daughters, in the home of her friend, Camille Marbo.[51]. Remembered as a leading figure in science and a role model for women, she has received numerous posthumous honors. [14] On 26 December 1898, the Curies announced the existence of a second element, which they named "radium", from the Latin word for "ray". Getting the right to vote didn't come easy for women. Meanwhile, she continued studying at the University of Paris and with the aid of a fellowship she was able to earn a second degree in 1894. As she bagged her first Nobel, Curie won the Davy Medal in 1903, then the Matteucci Medal in 1904, the Elliott Cresson Medal in 1909 and then she got her second Nobel, followed by the Franklin Medal of the American Philosophical Society in 1921.
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